Article Information: Prepared for the government of Belize and the World Bank

Authors: Shlomo Angel, Stephen C. Sheppard and Daniel L. Civco, with Robert Buckley, Anna Chabaeva, Lucy Gitlin, Alison Kraley, Jason Parent, and Micah Perlin

Date: January, 2010

Overview: This report is an assessment of the housing sector and the housing policy environment in Belize at the present time. Its practical and immediate goal is to provide a useful analysis of the housing sector in Belize focused on its parameters, potentials, and pitfalls, in order to assist the Government as well as the various stakeholders in the housing sector in moving together towards ensuring “access to quality and affordable housing by all” in the coming years.

Full Text (unpublished): Housing Policy in Belize: Diagnosis and Guidelines for Action (PDF)

Article Information: Transport and Urban Development Department, The World Bank, Washington D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel, Stephen C. Sheppard and Daniel L. Civco, with Robert Buckley, Anna Chabaeva, Lucy Gitlin, Alison Kraley, Jason Parent, and Micah Perlin

Date: September, 2005

Overview: This study examined the dynamics of global urban expansion by defining a new universe of 3,943 cities with population in excess of 100,000 and drawing a stratified global sample of 120 cities from this universe. Population data and satellite images for two time periods⎯a decade apart⎯were obtained and analyzed, and several measures of urban extent and expansion⎯among them the built-up area of cities and the average density of the built-up area⎯were calculated. Data for 90 cities out of the global sample of 120 is presented and analyzed in this report.

Full Text (unpublished): The Dynamics of Global Urban Expansion (PDF)

Article Information: Submitted to the U.N. Human Settlements Programme and the World Bank

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: September, 2004

Overview: This policy note examines the major thrusts of the draft report of Taskforce 8 of the Millennium Project, rewords Target 11, proposes that Target 11 be the core target of a two–pronged global shelter policy, examines the policy implications of expanding Target 11 to include new shelter needs, and outlines a framework for monitoring it globally. It proposes that Target 11 be reworded to read: “By 2020, improving substantially the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers while providing adequate alternatives to new slum formation,” rather than “by deterring new slum formation” as proposed by the Taskforce.

Full Text (unpublished): Defining and Monitoring Target 11 – A Policy Note (PDF)

Article Information: Preparado para el Gobierno de Uruguay y El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: March, 2004

Overview (en español): Este informe tiene como objetivo proveer al Gobierno de Uruguay y al Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) de una información sistemática sobre el sector de vivienda en Uruguay en el presente, concentrándose en elementos relevantes del contexto demográfico, social, económico, y político que afectan al funcionamiento del sector de vivienda en el país; a las condiciones actuales en el sector; y al estado corriente de la política de vivienda.

Full Text in Spanish (unpublished): Politica de Vivienda en Uruguay: Diagnostico y Guias de Accion (PDF)

Article Information: Submitted to the U.N. Human Settlements Programme and the World Bank

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: July, 2004

Overview: This research note proposes two complementary procedures that can supplement the present efforts of the UN Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat) in monitoring Target 11 of the Millennium Development Goals: “By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers.” The proposed procedures rely on two sources of data: (a) available national population censuses for the two latest census periods; and (b) new data—involving both remote–sensing data (e.g. air photographs), household surveys, and structured institutional surveys in a global sample of 120 cities.

Full Text (unpublished): Two Complementary Approaches to Monitoring Target 11 (PDF)

Article Information: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: September, 2002

Overview: This document focuses on five areas: (1) a brief history of the Bank’s involvement in the housing sector; (2) the development objectives of housing sector loans; (3) the volume and structure of housing loans; (4) the design of housing loans; and (5) the performance of housing loans. It briefly reviews the Bank’s Operational Guidelines for Housing of 1995 and stresses the continued relevance of these guidelines. It then discusses the overall rationale for housing sector lending by the Bank and the critical components of housing sector reform.

Full Text (unpublished): A Proposed Conceptual Framework for Monitoring IDB-Assisted Housing Programs (PDF)

Article Information: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank and the Government of Honduras, Washington, D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: June, 2002

Overview: The four objectives of this report are: (1) To examine the context of the Honduran housing sector (Part I); (2) To assess the current conditions in the sector (Part II); (3) To examine the status of housing policy (Part III); and (4) To propose a preliminary set of guidelines for Government action on housing at the present time (Part IV).

Full Text (unpublished): Housing Policy in Honduras (PDF)

Full Text in Spanish (unpublished) (PDF)

Article Information: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank and the Government of Argentina, Washington, D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date:  July, 2001

Overview: The five specific objectives of this study are: (a) to examine the economic, social and demographic context of the housing sector; (b) to assess the current conditions in the sector; (c) to evaluate the status of housing policy and the housing programs undertaken by the Government; (d) to propose a preliminary matrix of the guidelines for action necessary to secure the $500 million sector loan; and (e) to propose a set of housing sector studies in preparation for the National Housing Program

Full Text (unpublished): Housing Policy in Argentina (PDF)

Article Information: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank and the Government of Ecuador, Washington, D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date: May, 2000

Overview: This paper aims to provide a quick diagnosis of the housing sector and the status of housing policy in Ecuador, and to focus on a number of priorities and proposed programs that can guide housing policy in Ecuador at the present time.

Full Text (unpublished): Housing Policy in Ecuador (PDF)

Article Information: Report to the Inter-American Development Bank and the Government of Guatemala, Washington, D.C.

Authors: Shlomo Angel

Date:  September, 2000

Overview: This paper provides an analysis of the present economic, political, and social context of the Guatemalan housing sector, the conditions in the sector, and the status of housing policies and programs in the country at the present time, with the aim of shedding some light on why the expected results were not attained, and proposing a set of guidelines for corrective action. Its purpose is to organize and analyze the available information, so as to facilitate a fruitful discussion of housing policy and program reforms in Guatemala at this time, as well as to initiate a review of the present state of multilateral lending for comprehensive housing sector reforms in Guatemala and elsewhere.

Full Text (unpublished): Housing Policies and Programs in Guatemala (PDF)

Full Text in Spanish (unpublished) (PDF)